The term "Oriental medicine" is often used as a synonym for Traditional Chinese Medicine and also is used to collectively describe the various medical practices used in countries such as Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Mongolia. Traditional Chinese Medicine encompasses acupuncture, acupressure, tui na, massage, moxibustion, tai chi, qi gong, and herbal medicine, while Japanese medicine specifically includes shiatsu and acupuncture, and other forms have varying specialties. It is important for a prospective student of Oriental medicine to consider which arm of the field they wish to practice and be sure their potential schools offer programs that meet that particular specialty.

A school's curriculum should include elements of traditional theory, principles of treatment, herbology, and clinic management. Small class sizes and highly-experienced instructors will help foster an engaging learning environment. Spending significant time gaining hands-on experience in a student clinic is essential.

Perhaps most importantly, a school of Oriental medicine should be accredited. The Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM) is the national accrediting body for schools of Oriental medicine. To practice as a doctor of Oriental medicine, one must be certified by the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM). Only students who have successfully completed an ACAOM-accredited program are eligible to sit for the certification exam.